A variant of IEEE 802.11‑based Wi‑Fi that operates in the 2.4 and 5 GHz band with combined channel rates up to 11 Gbps. Planned to be released in the course of 2018.

A variant of IEEE 802.11‑based Wi‑Fi that operates in the 5 GHz band at 54 Mbps maximum data rate

It?s an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 specification with support for "regulatory domains" to support country specific frequency use.

This standard addresses potential interference of Wi‑Fi products with military radar systems operating in 5GHz band. Interference mitigation is achieved by dynamic frequence selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC). A Wi‑Fi product supporting this feature will listen for radar systems before actively using a channel in 5GHz band.

This standard covers enhanced Wi‑Fi operation in radio bands protected for vehicular communications. The intent is to support Intelligent Transportation Systems

This "fast‑roaming" standard sustains continuous connectivity of a moving devices by allowing seamless, fast, and secure handoffs from one accesspoint to another.

This amendment increases the security around management frames to protect against specific attacks using various methods e.g. protection against unauthorized disconnect frames.

Advanced driver‑assistance systems

The most important essential component of all u‑blox products. Antenna types used within u‑blox products are: patch, chip, PIFA.
External antenna types suitable for use with u‑blox products: patch, active patch, chip, "monopole*" vertical, printed dipole, helical, PIFA.
Other special‑case antenna types are loop, Yagi, fractal.
The effectiveness of an antenna depends upon its ability to capture incoming RF power or radiate and focus outgoing RF power. Underlying all antenna design and implementation are fundamental laws of physics and electromagnetic fields.
Critical parameters are adequate surface area to capture and radiate electromagnetic power, and inherent efficiency in converting EM fields between radiative medium (air, vacuum, etc.) and electro‑conductive medium (copper wires, etc.).
Modules that have already an antenna integrated are the SAM‑M8Q and CAM‑M8 series.
* The monopole is in reality a dipole antenna with the "pole" as one element of the dipole and the necessary ground plane as the other element of the dipole.

Anti‑spoofing technology detects misrepresentation, falsification or substitution of the identity of the source of communications signals or messages. The concept covers the technology of GNSS, internet communications, wired and wireless links. Spoofing is usually deliberate with disruptive or malicious intent, but in some cases complex RF signals (e.g. HDTV), may inadvertently be interpreted as legitimate sources.

AssistNow Autonomous is an embedded feature available free ‑of‑charge that accelerates GNSS positioning by capitalizing on the periodic nature of GNSS satellite orbits.

AssistNow using server‑calculated orbit predictions. AssistNow Online and AssistNow Offline are u‑blox’s end‑to‑end AssistNow A‑GNSS services for OEM customers and their end users. These services boost GNSS acquisition performance for devices with or without network connectivity. AssistNow Online and AssistNow Offline can either be used alone or in combination.

A periodic Wi‑Fi broadcast that announces the presence, status and SSID of a Wi‑Fi Access Point

A standardized radio technology intended for continuous, moderate speed, short‑distance communications in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band . It was developed in the late 1990’s by Ericsson, Intel and Nokia.

The Special Interest Group formed by several manufacturers to standardize the protocols and air‑interfaces and expand the applications of Bluetooth technology.

Bluetooth Basic Rate (BR) and Enhanced Data Rate (EDR), which was previously referred to as Bluetooth Classic.
Bluetooth BR/EDR is intended for audio connections and streaming applications and file transfers.

Bluetooth low energy technology is ideal for applications using periodic transfer of small amounts of data where ultra low power consumption is the focus. It uses a much faster connection mechanism than Bluetooth BR/EDR enabling the radio to be on only for very short period of time. This is why it is particularly useful for sensors in Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

In a capillary network, a short range (mesh) network is connected to the cloud via a gateway, typically using low bandwidth LTE cellular technologies. In an example of smart street lights, capillary networks let local authorities track the status of an entire network of street lights on the cloud, visualize the collected data on an online dashboard, and control the street lights from afar.
Capillary networks are good options when data throughput is low and latency is secondary. They offer extensive geographical coverage, even into otherwise hard to reach locations, since data can flow across the network from node to node as long as internode distances are kept short.

A service provider monitors and distributes correction data to compensate for various error types in a GNSS system as a service. The service enables the accuracy of the positioning to be more accurate compared to an uncompensated system.

Current Wi‑Fi technology is licensed to operated in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific Medical) radio bands. Early Wi‑Fi used only the 2.4G Hz band. Some products evolved to use only the 5 GHz band for less congestion. Dual band products operate alternatively between the two bands, and some products can operate concurrently in both bands.

The capacity of a vehicle to safely respond to errors, either at the firmware or hardware level, while protecting those on board.
Functional safety is a prerequisite for safe autonomous vehicles. It is, however, by no means sufficient. Functional safety is car‑centric in that it deals with errors that might occur on the vehicle.

The u‑blox name for the technology behind NEO‑M8P, ZED‑F9P, and the u‑blox F9 technology platform. High precision GNSS technology provides positioning accuracies down to the centimeter‑level. This is achieved by combining Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou, with Real Time Kinematics (RTK) and multi‑band technology.

The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) has defined six levels of driving autonomy.
Level 0, no automation, though the system may issue warnings.
Level 1, "hands on": Assisted driving system that still requires driver to carry out all lane holding and lane change maneuvers.
Level 2, "hands off": Partly automated systems that carry out lane changing/holding actions autonomously in special application cases.
Level 3, "eyes off": basic automated driving in which the driver will be able to let go of the wheel in special application cases but will have to be prepared to take over if necessary.
Level 4, "mind off": Fully automated driving in which the driver will not be necessary for safe driving in defined areas and circumstances.
Level 5, "steering wheel optional": Driverless vehicle in all use cases. For example, a robotic taxi whose passenger is unlicensed to drive.

Nation Institute of Standards and Technology

Society of Automotive Engineers is a U.S.-based, globally active professional association that develops standards for engineering professionals in various industries. Among other standards, they have defined six levels of driving automation.

State Space Representation, used for GNSS correction data

Time‑To‑First‑Fix
This GNSS term refers to the time taken to achieve a position fix after a specifically configured startup event. For example, a ”cold start” TTFF for a GNSS product is the time from complete power‑off with no memory or external aiding to achieving a position fix, whereas a “hot start” TTFF is the time to achieve a position fix after a short duration power‑off with internal memory and timekeeping powered to maintain critical data and time information. Due to the randomness of events and inherent noise in decoding satellite signals, TTFF is a statistical metric where results must be qualified by a description of the test environment and procedure.

Untethered Dead Reckoning refers to a GNSS solution where local inertial sensors provide motion data that allows position computation to continue while GNSS signals are obscured or compromised. Unlike ADR, which uses data collected from the vehicle’s sensor network such as wheel ticks and forward or reverse direction, UDR requires no such connection to vehicle’s network.