The most important essential component of all u‑blox products. Antenna types used within u‑blox products are: patch, chip, PIFA.
External antenna types suitable for use with u‑blox products: patch, active patch, chip, "monopole*" vertical, printed dipole, helical, PIFA.
Other special-case antenna types are loop, Yagi, fractal.
The effectiveness of an antenna depends upon its ability to capture incoming RF power or radiate and focus outgoing RF power. Underlying all antenna design and implementation are fundamental laws of physics and electromagnetic fields.
Critical parameters are adequate surface area to capture and radiate electromagnetic power, and inherent efficiency in converting EM fields between radiative medium (air, vacuum, etc.) and electro-conductive medium (copper wires, etc.).
Modules that have already an antenna integrated are the SAM-M8Q and CAM-M8 series.
* The monopole is in reality a dipole antenna with the "pole" as one element of the dipole and the necessary ground plane as the other element of the dipole.

Anti-spoofing technology detects misrepresentation, falsification or substitution of the identity of the source of communications signals or messages. The concept covers the technology of GNSS, internet communications, wired and wireless links. Spoofing is usually deliberate with disruptive or malicious intent, but in some cases complex RF signals (e.g. HDTV), may inadvertently be interpreted as legitimate sources.

AssistNow Autonomous is an embedded feature available free ‑of-charge that accelerates GNSS positioning by capitalizing on the periodic nature of GNSS satellite orbits.

AssistNow using live orbit data. AssistNow Online and AssistNow Offline are u‑blox’s end‑to‑end AssistNow A‑GNSS services for OEM customers and their end users. These services boost GNSS acquisition performance for devices with or without network connectivity. AssistNow Online and AssistNow Offline can either be used alone or in combination.

A periodic Wi-Fi broadcast that announces the presence, status and SSID of a Wi-Fi Access Point

A standardized radio technology intended for continuous, moderate speed, short-distance communications in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band . It was developed in the late 1990’s by Ericsson, Intel and Nokia.

Bluetooth Basic Rate (BR) and Enhanced Data Rate (EDR), which was previously referred to as Bluetooth Classic.
Bluetooth BR/EDR is intended for audio connections and streaming applications and file transfers.

Refers to a product that can operate concurrently or alternately within Bluetooth BR/EDR and Bluetooth low energy network environments

Bluetooth mesh enables many‑to‑many Bluetooth low energy networking solutions. Bluetooth mesh is available as a software update to Bluetooth low energy and can be used with any of the Bluetooth low energy versions 4.0, 4.1, 4.2 and 5.0.
Mesh extends the coverage area significantly, even further than Bluetooth 5, as Bluetooth nodes can forward messages acting as relays in a cooperative network.

In a capillary network, a short range (mesh) network is connected to the cloud via a gateway, typically using low bandwidth LTE cellular technologies. In an example of smart street lights, capillary networks let local authorities track the status of an entire network of street lights on the cloud, visualize the collected data on an online dashboard, and control the street lights from afar.
Capillary networks are good options when data throughput is low and latency is secondary. They offer extensive geographical coverage, even into otherwise hard to reach locations, since data can flow across the network from node to node as long as internode distances are kept short.

Chips or modules with concurrent reception are those that can receive from two or more Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) constellations at the same time.
Because early GPS receivers tuned only one radio band, they could only receive the U.S. “Global Positioning System” satellite group. The u‑blox 7 products could receive either GPS or Russia’s GLONASS satellites – non-concurrently since they had only a single channel radio receiver. The u‑blox M8 products contain two radio receivers to listen to two satellite groups in different frequency bands concurrently. In addition, using CDMA techniques, other non-GPS satellites could also use the GPS radio band, thus increasing “concurrency” to more satellites.

The technique of estimating current position by extrapolating from a last known with additional measurement data from motion sensors. Motion sensors include wheel rotation counters, gyroscopes, accelerometers, altimeters.

Refers to product than can operate concurrently or alternately within Bluetooth BR/EDR and Bluetooth low energy network environment.

The u‑blox name for the technology behind NEO-M8P, ZED-F9P, and the u‑blox F9 technology platform. High precision GNSS technology provides positioning accuracies down to the centimeter-level. This is achieved by combining Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou, with Real Time Kinematics (RTK) and multi-band technology.

A variant of IEEE 802.11-based Wi-Fi that operates in the 5 GHz band at 54 Mbps maximum data rate

A variant of IEEE 802.11-based Wi-Fi that operates in the 2.4 and 5 GHz band with combined channel rates up to 11 Gbps. Planned to be released in the course of 2018.

A variant of IEEE 802.11-based Wi-Fi that operates in the 2.4 GHz band at 11 Mbps maximum data rate

A variant of IEEE 802.11-based Wi-Fi that operates in the 2.4 GHz band at 54 Mbps maximum data rate

This standard covers encryption and authentication methods for IEEE 802.11 –based systems

This standard covers enhanced Wi-Fi operation in radio bands protected for vehicular communications. The intent is to support Intelligent Transportation Systems

This standard defines the mechanisms for implementation and operation of mesh networking within IEEE 802.11-based products

This IEEE standard covers the operation of low-power low-rate personal area networks. Its specifies the physical layer and is the basis for the ZigBee, ISA100.11a, wirelessHART and Thread.

The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) has defined six levels of driving autonomy.
Level 0, no automation, though the system may issue warnings.
Level 1, "hands on": Assisted driving system that still requires driver to carry out all lane holding and lane change maneuvers.
Level 2, "hands off": Partly automated systems that carry out lane changing/holding actions autonomously in special application cases.
Level 3, "eyes off": basic automated driving in which the driver will be able to let go of the wheel in special application cases but will have to be prepared to take over if necessary.
Level 4, "mind off": Fully automated driving in which the driver will not be necessary for safe driving in defined areas and circumstances.
Level 5, "steering wheel optional": Driverless vehicle in all use cases. For example, a robotic taxi whose passenger is unlicensed to drive.

Nation Institute of Standards and Technology

Society of Automotive Engineers is a U.S.-based, globally active professional association that develops standards for engineering professionals in various industries. Among other standards, they have defined six levels of driving automation.

State Space Representation, used for GNSS correction data

Time-To-First-Fix
This GNSS term refers to the time taken to achieve a position fix after a specifically configured startup event. For example, a ”cold start” TTFF for a GNSS product is the time from complete power-off with no memory or external aiding to achieving a position fix, whereas a “hot start” TTFF is the time to achieve a position fix after a short duration power-off with internal memory and timekeeping powered to maintain critical data and time information. Due to the randomness of events and inherent noise in decoding satellite signals, TTFF is a statistical metric where results must be qualified by a description of the test environment and procedure.

Untethered Dead Reckoning refers to a GNSS solution where local inertial sensors provide motion data that allows position computation to continue while GNSS signals are obscured or compromised. Unlike ADR, which uses data collected from the vehicle’s sensor network such as wheel ticks and forward or reverse direction, UDR requires no such connection to vehicle’s network.